血清心肌肌钙蛋白-I、肌酸激酶同工酶对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病心肌损伤的诊断价值

目的 探讨血清心肌肌钙蛋白I（CTn-I）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）及CK-MB／CK对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿心肌损伤的诊断价值。方法 对2001年8月至2003年12月78例HIE患儿与对照组同期入住新生儿病房26例无缺氧性脑痛的患儿于出生后18～24h取血，分别用快速固相免疫层析法、NAC-免疫抑制法、NAC法测定血清CTn-I、CK、CK-MB并计算CK-MB／CK值。结果 对照组、轻、中、重HIE四组患者间血清CTn-I、CK、CK-MB有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。其中3例重度HIE伴阵发性室性心动过速，CTn-I〉125ng／L；而CK-MB虽有升高，但无明显差异；CK-MB／CK值在各组中无明显差异。结论 重视对HIE患儿心脏功能的监测与治疗，对改善患儿的预后具有非常重要的意义，在评价HIE患儿心肌损伤时，CTn-I是比CK-MB及CK更敏感、更具有特异性的指标，所以CK-MB／CK不宜作为HIE患儿心肌损伤的生化指标。     

铅中毒性脑病并周围神经病1例

患者女,42岁,因全身大面积烧伤,半个月前自行涂抹外用中药后皮肤巩膜黄染,乙肝五项及丙肝正常,停用中药后黄染消失.     

急性CO中毒迟发性脑病临床及MRI特点探讨

目的探讨急性CO中毒迟发性脑病的临床及MRI特点。方法回顾性分析14例急性CO中毒迟发性脑病的临床资料。结果首发症状智能下降（MMSE评分〈20分）14例（100％），尿失禁11例（78％）；有6例患者HCT升高较明显，均值0．503±0．027；磁共振改变分白质弥漫性病变、皮质改变和神经核团改变3类，多合并存在；14例予改善循环治疗，9例予激素等治疗，好转率85％，未使用激素的5例皆好转。结论HCT升高可能是引起脑微循环障碍导致急性CO中毒迟发性脑病原因之一，治疗上应严密监测患者该值的变化，监测和治疗的时间应不少于3-6个月；除常规高压氧治疗外，还应实施改善脑循环和抗血小板聚集的治疗；DTI显示的FA值普遍减低，说明脑内长束纤维有脱髓鞘改变，激素的使用可能有一定作用，但治疗前最好进行DTI扫描，以便个体化治疗。     

单唾液酸神经节苷脂联合高压氧治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床观察

目的探讨单唾液酸神经节苷脂(GM1)联合高压氧治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2004年3月—2010年8月收治的122例HIE患儿的临床资料。结果观察组总有效率为95.35%,对照组为81.40%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在症状体征改善及后遗症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论单唾液酸神经节苷脂联合高压氧治疗HIE患儿中枢神经系统功能恢复有明显的促进作用。     

Atypical Unilateral Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Mimicking a Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is usually a reversible clinical and radiological entity associated with typical features on brain MR or CT imaging. However, the not-so-uncommon atypical radiological presentations of the condition are also present and they may go unrecognised as they are confused with other conditions. Here, we report a very rare case of atypical, unilateral PRES in a 49-year-old uremic, post-transplant female patient who presented with seizures. Initial MRI showed high-grade occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and lesions suggestive of subacute infarction in the ipsilateral frontotemporoparietal lobe. Patient symptoms had resolved a day after the onset without any specific treatment but early follow-up CT findings suggested hemorrhagic transformation. Follow-up MRI performed 2 years later showed complete disappearence of the lesions and persisting MCA occlusion.     

后循环可复性脑病综合征临床及影像表现

后循环可复性脑病综合征(PRES)是以头痛、间性发作、精神状态改变和视觉障碍为主要表现的临床综合征,临床上可与高血压、子痫、肾脏疾病、电解质紊乱等一系列疾病相关。MRI检查通常可发现后循环脑区局灶性可复性血管源性脑水肿,血管成像可发现血管弥漫或局灶性痉挛表现。就与PRES相关的主要临床疾病及其临床表现和影像特征进行综述。     

动态监测血清IL-6、TNF-α对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床意义

目的探讨动态监测血清IL-6、TNF-α水平对判断缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿病情严重程度及预后的意义。方法对60例入组的HIE患儿根据病情轻重分为轻度组(21例)、中度组(21例)及重度组(18例)三组,选择同期在我院产科分娩的正常新生儿20例作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定急性期、恢复期患儿及对照组新生儿的血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果正常新生儿血清IL-6、TNF-α水平极低,HIE急性期各组患儿血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著升高,其中以重度HIE组升高最为明显,四组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);HIE恢复期患儿血清IL-6、TNF-α水平下降至正常水平。结论 HIE患儿血清IL-6、TNF-α水平与疾病严重程度有明显的相关性,动态监测血清IL-6、TNF-α水平变化趋势有助于HIE新生儿的预后判断。     

功能磁共振成像评价肝性脑病患者大脑基线活动的改变

目的 采用fMRI技术观察肝性脑病(HE)患者大脑基线活动改变。方法 对24例HE患者行静息态fMRI扫描,获取低频振幅(ALFF),其中临床症状明显的肝性脑病(OHE组)及临床症状隐匿的轻微型肝性脑病(MHE组)各12例。另选12名健康志愿者作为对照组。并进行统计学分析。结果 3组ALFF差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)的脑区主要集中于额叶、顶叶及颞叶。与对照组比较,OHE组ALFF升高的脑区包括右侧小脑后叶、左侧小脑前叶、左侧海马旁回及左侧额下回/岛叶皮质,MHE组ALFF升高的脑区包括右侧缘上回/颞上回;OHE组ALFF减低的脑区包括双侧内侧前额叶皮质、双侧后扣带回/左侧楔叶、右侧中央后回/中央前回、左侧中央旁小叶及左侧辅助运动区,MHE组ALFF减低的脑区包括左侧距状裂皮质、双侧后扣带回/右侧楔前叶、左侧中央后回、双侧中央旁小叶及双侧辅助运动区(P均<0.05)。与MHE组比较,OHE组ALFF减低的脑区包括左侧前扣带回、双侧内侧前额叶皮质、双侧后扣带回、右侧角回/枕上回及右侧额中回(P均<0.05)。OHE组及MHE组双侧后扣带回ALFF均与血氨水平呈负相关(P均<0.05)。结论 OHE及MHE患者均存在静息态下脑功能异常。     

L‐type calcium channel blocker ameliorates diabetic encephalopathy by modulating dysregulated calcium homeostasis

Diabetic encephalopathy is a complication of diabetes characterized by impaired cognitive functions. The objective of the present study was to examine the beneficial effect of the calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, on diabetes‐induced cognitive deficits and altered calcium homeostasis in the cerebral cortex. Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body wt) for 5 days. Nimodipine (10 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally to the animals every 48 hr for 8 weeks. A significant impairment in spatial learning and memory was observed in diabetic animals, which was reversed by nimodipine treatment. Diabetic animals showed increased CaV1.2 mRNA and protein expression, which might be responsible for enhanced synaptosomal calcium uptake. Nimodipine treatment was found to lower CaV1.2 mRNA, protein expression, and calcium uptake. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake was reduced in diabetic brains, which was reversed with nimodipine treatment. Plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺‐ATPase activity was found to be significantly decreased in diabetic animals, whereas nimodipine supplementation restored the activity of both Ca²⁺‐ATPases nearly to control values. Nimodipine treatment was shown to normalize intracellular free Ca²⁺ levels in diabetic animals. Nimodipine was shown to attenuate increased calpain activity measured in terms of hydrolysis of fluorogenic substrate and αII‐spectrin degradation. Nimodipine supplementation also reduced reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation in diabetic animals. The data suggests that L‐type calcium channel blocker is beneficial in preventing cognitive deficits associated with diabetic encephalopathy through modulation of dysregulated calcium homeostasis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病与神经免疫的相关性研究

目的探讨一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病(DEACMP)与神经免疫的相关性。方法应用ELISA法测定30例DEACMP患者(DEACMP组)、27例急性一氧化碳中毒未发生迟发性脑病患者(ACOP组)及28例健康对照者(健康对照组)中血清IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ、TGF-β1的水平并进行比较。结果 IL-4水平DEACMP组低于及健康对照组(P0.05),ACOP组低于健康对照组(P0.05);IL-10水平DEACMP组低于ACOP组(P0.05),ACOP组高于健康对照组(P0.05);IFN-γ水平DEACMP组高于ACOP组及健康对照组(均P0.05),ACOP组高于健康对照组(P0.05);TGF-β1水平DEACMP组低于ACOP组及健康对照组(均P0.05),ACOP组高于健康对照组(P0.05)。结论 DEACMP的发生与神经免疫损伤机制有关。